- Overview
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This book examines the meaning of special educational excursions in Korea by going back to their origins in the early 1900s.
- Book Intro
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The advent of railways on the Korean Peninsula in the 1900s, though part of the Japanese Empire’s insidious plan to take over the country, has signaled the advent of long-distance travel activities for Korean schools. They entailed touring scenic or culturally significant locations to understand Korean history, going into nature to escape the pressures of urban life, or learning about the latest technological developments from the country’s city centers. Annual educational excursions became an established part of the school year in the 1920s, during the Japanese occupation. These excursions expanded to Manchuria and Japan in the mid-20s. Following the Sino-Japanese war in 1937, they were also used as a pretext to force Korean students to worship at Shinto shrines. What, then, was the original purpose and meaning of educational excursions? Today, they are simply overnight school trips chaperoned by teachers and planned by the school, where students gain first-hand travel experience in a large group. In the 1900s, however, modernized education was a tool to civilize the nation and develop the Korean Empire. Educational excursions served to instill national pride in students and provide them with the experience of a patriotic mass gathering. Afraid that this would lead to large-scale, nationalistic student activities, the Japanese Empire attempted to shorten the duration of these excursions. When they failed, the Empire instead had schools travel to Pyeongyang—the capital of the Kingdom of Goguryeo—and Gyeongju—the capital of the Kingdom of Silla—to provide students with a false historical narrative: that the Korean Peninsula was a passive nation that bowed to China, and that the Japanese had made historical inroads into Korea to rule the kingdoms of Gaya and Silla. This intervention into students’ historical awareness was intended to ease the colonization process, and its legacy remains today in Gyeongju’s status as one of the top educational excursion destinations. Excursions into Japan in the 1910s and 20s were intended to showcase Japanese advancements in modernization, but were replaced by visits to Shinto shrines in the 30s and 40s in an attempt to assimilate Koreans into Japanese society. Meanwhile, excursions into Manchuria allowed students to meet fellow countrymen who had escaped Japanese oppression, providing an opportunity to sympathize with their plight.
Though educational excursions are seen today as a nostalgic part of high school life, this book asks the reader to question their present-day place and meaning.
- About the Author
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Jo YunJeong
Jo YunJeong received a Ph.D. from Seoul National University’s Department of Korean Language and Literature with the thesis “Places of Education and the Logic of Enlightenment in Modern Korean Literary Fiction” and debuted as a literary critic at the 2014 Munhwa Ilbo Literary Competition. Jo is currently a visiting professor at KAIST’s School of Humanities & Social Sciences. Works co-authored by Jo include Progress in the Last Century, Reading Modern Korean Language Textbooks, and The Path Walked by Contemporary Korean Literature.